The United States (US) Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the Nonfarm Payrolls (NFP) data for February at 13:30 GMT.
Volatility around the US Dollar (USD) will likely ramp up on the employment report, with investors looking for fresh insights on the US Federal Reserve’s (Fed) path forward on interest rates, especially after the crisis in the Middle East revived concerns over rising inflation.
What to expect from the next Nonfarm Payrolls report?
Investors expect NFP to rise by 59K following the impressive 130K increase recorded in January. The Unemployment Rate is expected to remain unchanged at 4.3%, while the annual wage inflation, as measured by the change in the Average Hourly Earnings, is projected to hold steady at 3.7%.
Previewing the employment report, TD Securities analysts note that they expect job gains to moderate to 90K in February.
“The moderation should be led by healthcare after it posted unusually strong gains last month. Private payrolls likely saw a 100k gain while government likely declined 10k. We also look for the Unemployment Rate to stay at 4.3%, while we flag the risk of an increase to 4.4%. Average Hourly Earnings likely moderated to 0.2% m/m (3.7% y/y),” they add.
Recent employment-related data releases from the US hinted at relatively healthy labor market conditions in February. The Employment Index of the Institute for Supply Management’s (ISM) Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) survey edged higher to 48.8 from 48.1 in January (although still in contraction), while the Automatic Data Processing (ADP) reported that employment in the private sector rose 63K, surpassing the market expectation of 50K. Finally, the Employment Index of the ISM Services PMI survey rose to 51.8 from 50.3, reflecting an acceleration in job creation in the key service sector.
Economic Indicator
Unemployment Rate
The Unemployment Rate, released by the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), is the percentage of the total civilian labor force that is not in paid employment but is actively seeking employment. The rate is usually higher in recessionary economies compared to economies that are growing. Generally, a decrease in the Unemployment Rate is seen as bullish for the US Dollar (USD), while an increase is seen as bearish. That said, the number by itself usually can’t determine the direction of the next market move, as this will also depend on the headline Nonfarm Payroll reading, and the other data in the BLS report.
How will the US February Nonfarm Payrolls affect EUR/USD?
The USD has capitalized on safe-haven flows and started the month on a firm footing after the US and Israel carried out a joint attack against Iran, causing EUR/USD to come under heavy bearish pressure.
Earlier in the week, the US Senate rejected a resolution that is designed to force US President Donald Trump to seek congressional approval for further military action against Iran. Additionally, CNN reported that a top US official said that the US will start attacking deeper into Iran, noting that the operation is still in its early days.
From a monetary policy perspective, investors are keeping a close eye on the impact of the Middle East crisis on energy prices and how that could alter the inflation outlook. According to the CME FedWatch Tool, the probability of the Federal Reserve (Fed) leaving the policy rate unchanged in the next three meetings climbed to nearly 70% from about 50% before the US-Iran war started.
While speaking at the Bloomberg Invest Conference earlier in the week, Neel Kashkari, President of the Federal Reserve (Fed) Bank of Minneapolis, said that it is too soon to know how the Iran war will affect inflation, but acknowledged that it could have an impact on monetary policy.
In case NFP comes in at 70K or higher, and the Unemployment Rate remains steady at 4.3% as forecast, markets could assess the employment data as “good enough” for the Fed to continue to delay interest-rate cuts until the second half of the year. In this scenario, the USD could continue to gather strength and trigger another leg lower in EUR/USD.
On the other hand, a significant downside surprise in NFP, a reading at or below 30K, combined with an increase in the Unemployment Rate, would be required for investors to lean back toward a rate cut in June.
Still, the USD’s losses could remain limited in this case unless there is a de-escalation of the conflict in the Middle East. The most bearish scenario for the USD, fueling a decisive rebound in EUR/USD, would be a combination of a sharp correction in Crude Oil prices with the naval activity in the Strait of Hormuz returning to normal, and an employment report that highlights worsening labor market conditions.
Societe Generale analysts note that they expect a solid NFP print after “four out of four US labour market anecdotes surprised to the upside.”
“Under the current circumstances, it’s a stretch to conclude that good data is reassuring and therefore bullish for risk assets and currencies (bearish dollar),” they add. “We assume that a 30K-70K employment gain should not move the dial and it’s where oil and natural gas prices close the week that we think will govern the price action.”
Eren Sengezer, European Session Lead Analyst at FXStreet, offers a brief technical outlook for EUR/USD:
“There is a clear bearish tilt in EUR/USD’s short-term outlook. The pair made a daily close below the 200-day Simple Moving Average (SMA) for the first time in a year and the Relative Strength Index (RSI) dropped below 40.”
“1.1500 (static level, round level) aligns as first significant support ahead of 1.1400 (static level, round level) and 1.1300-1.1290 (round level, static level). On the upside, a strong resistance area seems to have formed at 1.1670-1.1700 (200-day SMA, 100-day SMA). The pair would need to clear that hurdle and stabilize to attract technical buyers. In this case, the 50-day SMA could act as the next resistance at 1.1770.”
Employment FAQs
Labor market conditions are a key element to assess the health of an economy and thus a key driver for currency valuation. High employment, or low unemployment, has positive implications for consumer spending and thus economic growth, boosting the value of the local currency. Moreover, a very tight labor market – a situation in which there is a shortage of workers to fill open positions – can also have implications on inflation levels and thus monetary policy as low labor supply and high demand leads to higher wages.
The pace at which salaries are growing in an economy is key for policymakers. High wage growth means that households have more money to spend, usually leading to price increases in consumer goods. In contrast to more volatile sources of inflation such as energy prices, wage growth is seen as a key component of underlying and persisting inflation as salary increases are unlikely to be undone. Central banks around the world pay close attention to wage growth data when deciding on monetary policy.
The weight that each central bank assigns to labor market conditions depends on its objectives. Some central banks explicitly have mandates related to the labor market beyond controlling inflation levels. The US Federal Reserve (Fed), for example, has the dual mandate of promoting maximum employment and stable prices. Meanwhile, the European Central Bank’s (ECB) sole mandate is to keep inflation under control. Still, and despite whatever mandates they have, labor market conditions are an important factor for policymakers given its significance as a gauge of the health of the economy and their direct relationship to inflation.
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