The Bank of Canada (BoC) is widely expected to trim its benchmark interest rate by another quarter point on Wednesday, bringing it down to 2.25%. That would follow a similar move in September as the central bank continues its gradual easing cycle.
The case for more cuts has been building. Growth has stalled, the labour market has lost momentum, and inflation remains stubbornly above target. Canada’s economy shrank by 1.6% in the second quarter, worse than forecast, while the job market surprised with a 60K gain in September, keeping the Unemployment Rate steady at 7.1%.
Inflation remains a sticking point. Headline CPI rose 2.4% YoY last month, surpassing expectations, and core CPI climbed to 2.8%. The Bank’s preferred measures—Common, Trimmed, and Median CPI—also nudged higher to 2.7%, 3.1%, and 3.2%, respectively.
Back in September, the BoC cut rates by 25 basis points to 2.50%, a move that markets had fully priced in. After that meeting, Governor Tiff Macklem struck a cautious tone, saying the inflation picture hadn’t changed much in the last few months. He pointed to mixed data and emphasised a meeting-by-meeting approach. While inflationary pressures appear somewhat more contained, he stressed that the Bank stands ready to act if risks start to tilt higher.
Previewing the BoC’s interest rate decision, analysts at TD Securities noted, “We look for the Bank of Canada to cut rates by 25 bps to 2.25% in October, which we believe will mark the endpoint of its easing cycle. We do not believe stronger September data will be enough to keep the Bank on hold, but it should contribute to a more balanced tone in the statement as the Bank stresses a data-dependent approach going forward.”
When will the BoC release its monetary policy decision, and how could it affect USD/CAD?
The Bank of Canada will announce its policy decision on Wednesday at 13:45 GMT, followed by Governor Tiff Macklem’s press conference at 14:30 GMT.
Markets are already braced for a rate cut and pricing around 31 basis points of easing by the end of the year.
According to FXStreet’s Senior Analyst Pablo Piovano, the Canadian Dollar (CAD) has been consolidating near the upper end of its recent range, near the key 1.4000 mark. He notes that as long as USD/CAD holds above the 200-day simple moving average (SMA) around 1.3950, the pair could have more room to climb.
A renewed bullish tone, Piovano adds, could see USD/CAD retesting the October peak at 1.4080 (October 14), before potentially eyeing the April high at 1.4414 (April 1).
On the flip side, he points out that strong support sits around the 200-day SMA at 1.3952, seconded by the transitory 55-day and 100-day SMAs at 1.3887 and 1.3799, respectively. A break below that zone might open the door to the September floor at 1.3726 (September 17), with the July base at 1.3556 (July 3) coming into view if selling pressure deepens.
“Momentum indicators are still tilted to the upside,” Piovano adds. “The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is hovering near 57, while the Average Directional Index (ADX) stands near 37, suggesting the trend remains strong.”
Tariffs FAQs
Tariffs are customs duties levied on certain merchandise imports or a category of products. Tariffs are designed to help local producers and manufacturers be more competitive in the market by providing a price advantage over similar goods that can be imported. Tariffs are widely used as tools of protectionism, along with trade barriers and import quotas.
Although tariffs and taxes both generate government revenue to fund public goods and services, they have several distinctions. Tariffs are prepaid at the port of entry, while taxes are paid at the time of purchase. Taxes are imposed on individual taxpayers and businesses, while tariffs are paid by importers.
There are two schools of thought among economists regarding the usage of tariffs. While some argue that tariffs are necessary to protect domestic industries and address trade imbalances, others see them as a harmful tool that could potentially drive prices higher over the long term and lead to a damaging trade war by encouraging tit-for-tat tariffs.
During the run-up to the presidential election in November 2024, Donald Trump made it clear that he intends to use tariffs to support the US economy and American producers. In 2024, Mexico, China and Canada accounted for 42% of total US imports. In this period, Mexico stood out as the top exporter with $466.6 billion, according to the US Census Bureau. Hence, Trump wants to focus on these three nations when imposing tariffs. He also plans to use the revenue generated through tariffs to lower personal income taxes.
Employment FAQs
Labor market conditions are a key element to assess the health of an economy and thus a key driver for currency valuation. High employment, or low unemployment, has positive implications for consumer spending and thus economic growth, boosting the value of the local currency. Moreover, a very tight labor market – a situation in which there is a shortage of workers to fill open positions – can also have implications on inflation levels and thus monetary policy as low labor supply and high demand leads to higher wages.
The pace at which salaries are growing in an economy is key for policymakers. High wage growth means that households have more money to spend, usually leading to price increases in consumer goods. In contrast to more volatile sources of inflation such as energy prices, wage growth is seen as a key component of underlying and persisting inflation as salary increases are unlikely to be undone. Central banks around the world pay close attention to wage growth data when deciding on monetary policy.
The weight that each central bank assigns to labor market conditions depends on its objectives. Some central banks explicitly have mandates related to the labor market beyond controlling inflation levels. The US Federal Reserve (Fed), for example, has the dual mandate of promoting maximum employment and stable prices. Meanwhile, the European Central Bank’s (ECB) sole mandate is to keep inflation under control. Still, and despite whatever mandates they have, labor market conditions are an important factor for policymakers given its significance as a gauge of the health of the economy and their direct relationship to inflation.
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